College of Urban Affairs

 Cleveland State University

 URBAN SPATIAL SYSTEMS

 UST 301

Spring Semester 2001
Instructor: Jim Robey, Ph.D.
Monday 6:00PM – 9:50 PM
Office: Prior to class
Phone: 216-592-2246
e-mail: jimr@wolf.urban.csuohio.edu

Course Description: This course is an introduction to the way in which market forces allocate the use of space in cities and regions and the economic development of regional economies. It also provides instruction and understanding of a few basic techniques of urban spatial economic analysis. The course has three components: instructor-based lectures, guest-based lectures, and readings. Courses similar to this one are taught under a variety of names in planning, public policy, and urban studies programs. The most common names are Urban and Regional Economics as well as Urban and Regional Geography. In all cases the course is firmly rooted in an introductory knowledge of microeconomics.

The structure of urban space—land uses—and the way regional economies use that space is fundamentally an economic process of distribution and competition that is directed by both market and politically driven investments. These investments are overlaid on the history of the built and natural environments. The various markets that compose the urban system are all related to the three factors of production: land, labor and capital. In the case of metropolitan areas the fundamental markets are the local labor market, the housing market (that sits at the intersection of the market for urban land and international capital markets), and product markets. In short, this course takes an unabashedly economic view of the world and stresses regional and local economic development.

At the same time we realize that not all of the world is economically determined, and that community is a social construct that moderates the economic world and is in itself a major component of social capital. One powerful expression of spatial community is neighborhood, but we are also associated with aspatial communities—such as professional organizations—and communities that have a spatial component—formal politics or church membership are two good examples. We will also spend time thinking about the connection between community and the metropolitan economy.

Prerequisites: There are no formal prerequisites to the course. It is expected that you have access to, and a working knowledge of, word-processing and spreadsheet computer programs. Students are expected to know how to calculate percentages, percent change, understand the concept of a line—including slope, and be comfortable with the calculation and interpretation of means, medians, modes, standard deviations, and correlation analysis.

Course Objectives: The most important objective of this course is to think in a systematic manner about how land is used in cities and regions, and to understand how market forces influence land use (and reuse) and the development of the economy. We are also concerned with the ways in which public policy can interact with market forces to influence spatial development. We also discuss how neighborhoods—the social sites of urban settlements, residential areas, and communities, relate to the productive portions of those same areas.

There are a series of secondary objectives for the course:

(1)   to learn specific theories of land use and economic development,

(2)   to master economic base analysis, and

(3)   to think about space and cities from an economic worldview.

Texts: The text will be accompanied by a number of articles.

John P. Blair, Local Economic Development (Sage: 1995).

Attendance and Guest Lecturers: Attendance is expected but no roll is taken. Class sessions may start out with a guest lecturer who is an expert in a specific area of regional or local development. Information presented during these sessions will be used on both the mid-term and final examinations. While I will be taking notes too, should you miss class you will need to obtain the information from classmates. Examination material will be drawn from the lectures as well as from the course readings, however, copies of the lecture notes will not be provided. Absences from examinations must be reported in advance. As a rule make-up examinations will not be scheduled.

Class participation: Class participation does count and it is judged by quality as well as quantity. If a student’s grade is on the border between two letter grades, “participation” will be used as a tie-breaker.

Please note: the policies posted on the CSU website for the last day to drop the course.

Grades:

Midterm examination: 35 points

Final examination: 35 points

Paper: 30 points

Incompletes are not normally given.

Paper: Each student will produce a ten (10) page paper on an issue relevant to the economy of the Cleveland region. This would appear to be an interesting year in Cleveland. A troubled steel industry, declining retail in the downtown area, medical services losing money as well as a general macro economic slow down all make for interesting research. This will be an opinion paper that will empirically support a position relative to a contemporary issue. It is expected that the paper will be a reasoned opinion that is based in fact and supported by research. The paper must be word-processed, with reasonable and normal margins and spacing. I would like to discuss the progress of your paper and your topic as the semester progresses, but the responsibility for contact on these issues resides with you. It is possible to do a group project (including presentations) if you choose, but the expectations will be increased and the same grade will be assigned to each member, regardless of participation or contribution.

Readings: As the semester progresses, additional outside supporting and timely readings may be assigned. These readings will provided at the beginning of each class and will either be on the shelf or on reserve in the library.

Unless there are both extenuating circumstances and you have received written permission to turn in the paper in late, the grade will be reduced by 5% for each class-day that the assignment is late. The date the paper is due will be determined and discussed in class. As a rule incompletes are not given. In no case will an incomplete be extended beyond the first class-day of the following quarter. In all cases taking an incomplete requires prior permission.

Please note: ALL work should be turned in with only the student number as the identifier. Please do not put names on exams, papers or assignments; doing so will result in a deduction in points.

SYLLABUS

I. Introduction

        Chapter 1: Economic development and market logic

        Chapter 2: Three fundamental and recurring issues

II. The Core of Urban Development

          Chapter 3: Business location, expansion, and retention

          Chapter 4: Market area and economic development strategies

III. Growth and Externalities

         Chapter 5: Understanding economic structure

         Chapter 6: Regional growth and development

         Chapter 7: Additional tools and perspectives on economic growth

IV. The Theories of Comparative and Competitive Advantage

On Reserve:

Bogart  Chapter 5: Intermetropolitan trade

            Chapter 6: Factor abundance and specialization*

            Chapter 7: Agglomeration and metropolitan growth*

V. Questions in Professional Practice

          Chapter 8: Issues in economic development practice

VI. Land Use and Housing

         Chapter 10: Land use

         Chapter 11: Housing and neighborhood development

VII. From Region to Neighborhood and Local Economic Development

Handouts